Archives de l’auteur : Marine Sam

GRÈCE

Source :  Asian studies in Greece, Charalambos Tsardanidis, Institut des relations économiques internationales, IIER, Grèce (2009). Voir la présentation originale.

See the abstract in english/Voir le résumé en anglais.

La recherche sur les aires culturelles compte pour peu dans les programmes de recherche. Il s’est cependant manifesté pour elles un peu plus d’intérêt ces dernières années (au département des études turques et asiatiques de l’Université d’Athènes par exemple, ou par études sur les Balkans dans d’autres universités).

L’attention se porte plus sur les pays proches que sur l’Asie : Balkans, Moyen-Orient/études méditerranéennes, et encore plus sur les études européennes.

Il n’y a pas assez de personnels et de chercheurs universitaires formés aux études asiatiques. Il manque même la connaissance des langues asiatiques. Il y a un manque de passé et de tradition coloniale, et aucun lien culturel, économique et politique passé avec les pays d’Asie. Il y a par ailleurs un manque de financement.

On remarque un grand intérêt aujourd’hui pour la langue chinoise en Grèce. L’immigration en provenance d’Asie pourrait être un facteur positif de développement des études asiatiques, comme pourrait l’être le développement du commerce grec en Asie.

A-    Pas de recherche dans les universités

1 Le département des études turques et asiatiques de l’Université d’Athènes

Le nom de ce département est inapproprié, l’ensemble des cours y étant donnés ne concernant que la Turquie.

B-    Les instituts qui ne sont pas affiliés aux universités :

2 L’École d’administration publique

Les recherches qui y sont conduites ne sont pas formulées en termes méthodologiques comme des études sur les aires géoculturelles, sauf quelques exceptions.

Les recherches menées portent principalement sur des aspects économiques comme les économies du Japon, de la Chine et de l’Inde, sur l’intégration régionale avec l’Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), ou des aspects inter-régionaux, comme l’ASEM et le Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation (FEALAC), enfin des aspects sociaux comme le flux d’immigrants, l’entreprenariat des immigrants chinois.

3 L’Unité Asie de l’Institut des relations économiques internationales (IEER), qui appartient à la Greek Association and Ltd Co.

Recherche :

Aires étudiées : Asie centrale, Chine, Turquie, Asie de l’Est, Inde

Disciplines étudiées : commerce, économie, développement, coopération, politique, relations internationales

Sujets étudiés : l’ASEM, FEALAC, l’ASEAN et l’inter-régionalisme : relations ASEAN-EU, relations Europe/Grèce – Chine/Japon, les perspectives de commerce entre l’Asie et l’Europe, la politique est-asiatique de l’Inde, les migrants asiatiques en Grèce, la présence économique des asiatiques en Grèce.

GREECE

Source: Asian studies in Greece, by Charalambos Tsardanidis, Institute of International Economic Relations, IIER, Greece (2009). See the original version.

Voir la version française

The area studies are not high in the research agenda. However, there has been a little bit more interest in area studies in recent years (for example at the Department of Turkish and Asian Studies, or Balkan studies in other universities).

More attention is paid to the near abroad than to Asia: the Balkan Studies, Middle East/Mediterranean Studies and even more on European Studies.

There is not enough trained University staff and researchers on Asian studies. There is no even knowledge of Asian languages. There is a lack of colonial past and tradition, and no past cultural, economic and political links with Asian countries. In addition, there is a lack of funding.

A great interest in Chinese language can be noticed in Greece. The immigration from Asia in Greece could be a positive factor for the expansion of Asian studies, as could be the expansion of Greek business in Asia.

A – No research at the University level:

1 University of Athens, Department of Turkish and Asian Studies

Misnomer, as all the courses refer to Turkish studies only.

B – Institutes which are not affiliated to Universities:

2 Public Administration School

All the research conducted there has not been formulated in the framework/ methodology of Area Studies with some exceptions.

Research conducted concerns mainly economic aspects like: Japan’s, China’s and India’s economy, regional integration like ASEM, inter-regional aspects: like ASEM and FEALAC, social aspects, like: the flow of immigrants, the Chinese immigrants entrepreneurship.

3 The Asia unit of the Institute of International Economic Relations (IEER) that belongs to Greek Association and Ltd Co.

Research:

Areas studied: Central Asia, China, Turkey, East Asia, India

Disciplines studied: trade, economy, development, cooperation, politics, international relations

Subjects studied: the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), FEALAC (Forum for East Asia-Latin America Cooperation), ASEAN and inter-regionalism: ASEΑN – EU Relationship, relationships Europe/Greece – China/Japan, trade Prospects between Asia and Europe, Asian Migrants in Greece, India’s political look toward the East, economical presence of Asians in Greece

LITUANIE

Source: Asian studies in Lithuania – Audrius Beinorus, Center of Oriental Studies at Vilnius University, Lithuania (2009). Consulter la version anglaise/See the english version

BREF HISTORIQUE

En Lituanie, les études asiatiques remontent au 19ème siècle, à une période où l’Université de Vilnius est au cœur des études de langues orientales. Le département des langues orientales est fondé dès 1810, mais personne ne le dirige. Un intellectuel renommé de Vilnius, Kazimir Kontrimas, se risque à proposer l’établissement d’un Institut d’études orientales au Gouverneur de Vilnius. Cependant, pour des raisons inconnues, le projet n’est pas accepté et les étudiants brillants de l’université sont contraints de se disperser dans le monde.

Pendant la période de l’indépendance, dans l’entre-deux-guerres, l’orientalisme ne reçoit pas l’attention et le soutien qu’il mérite. Les études orientales ne survivent que grâce aux efforts d’une poignée d’érudits dévoués. Durant l’ère soviétique, les établissements d’enseignement supérieur lituaniens, placés sous la tutelle de Moscou, ne sont pas autorisés à créer des instituts orientalistes. Par conséquent les étudiants sont envoyés dans les universités russes.

Après 1993, avec l’indépendance de la Lituanie, les études asiatiques connaissent un renouveau. Le Centre d’études orientales de l’Université de Vilnius se concentre sur l’étude de l’Asie du Sud, de l’Est et du Proche-Orient. L’objectif du Centre est de former des spécialistes des études asiatiques afin d’encourager la recherche scientifique, le développement des relations culturelles et économiques, et de favoriser la compréhension des cultures orientales en Lituanie.

Ayant reçu un large soutien de la part des partenaires sociaux et des institutions publiques, un programme d’Etudes asiatiques classiques de trois ans est ajouté au programme académique en 2000. En 2005, une nouvelle licence d’études iraniennes, un Master d’études asiatiques contemporaines sont introduits, suivis d’une licence d’études turques en 2007.

ORGANISATION ET FONCTIONNEMENT ACTUEL

Centre d’études orientales

Université de Vilnius

University Street 5

LT-01513, Vilnius

Centre d’études asiatiques de la Faculté de sciences politiques et de diplomatie

Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University

Vaizganto 30, Kaunas

Le Centre d’études asiatiques est fondé en 2009 par la fusion de deux institutions existantes : le Centre d’études asiatiques et le Centre d’études japonaises.

Les étudiants doivent financer eux-mêmes leurs études car l’État n’offre pas de bourses dans le domaine des études asiatiques. Cependant les accords passés entre universités lituaniennes et universités asiatiques et européennes leurs permettent de bénéficier de certaines bourses.

Les étudiants peuvent se rendre dans des universités asiatiques pendant une partie de leurs études.

Le système d’éducation est basé sur le modèle : Licence, Master, Doctorat.

PERSONNEL

Université de Vilnius

Centre d’études orientales

On compte 25 enseignants à temps plein et à temps partiel. Le nombre de postes à temps plein dépend du nombre d’étudiants et du budget de l’université.

Dix étudiants sont admis tous les deux ans à chacune des licences : études indiennes, chinoises, japonaises, iraniennes, arabes et turques. Tous les deux ans, 15 étudiants sont admis au master d’études asiatiques contemporaines.

Les enseignants et chercheurs en études asiatiques de l’Université de Vilnius sont membre du Réseau d’études indiennes d’Europe centrale et orientale (Central and Eastern European Network for Indian Studies) et du Réseau européen de recherche académique contemporaine sur l’Inde (European Network of Contemporary Academic Research on India).

Les membres du Centre partagent leur temps entre la recherche et l’enseignement. Un tiers de leur salaire est destiné à la recherche.

Il est exigé de tous les enseignants qui détiennent un doctorat d’effectuer des recherches et de publier.

Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University

On compte trois chercheurs et sept enseignants pour environ 20 étudiants en master.

À l’Université de Kaunas, l’enseignement et la recherche sont séparés.

Le nombre de chercheurs en études asiatiques augmente régulièrement depuis plusieurs années. En raison du faible niveau des salaires, il est presque impossible d’attirer des universitaires étrangers confirmés pour des postes à temps plein.

DOMAINES D’ÉTUDE

Le Centre de l’Université de Vilnius forme des spécialistes en sciences humaines et sociales. Parmi ses objectifs figurent l’analyse et la recherche sur l’évolution culturelle dans les principales aires géographiques de l’Asie, la communication interculturelle et les perspectives de collaboration sur les études asiatiques. Pour la période 2008-2013, le thème de recherche approuvé par l’université est : « Les stratégies traditionnelles du savoir en Asie ».

13 langues asiatiques sont enseignées au Centre : japonais, mandarin, chinois, chinois classique, tibétain, persan, dari, arabe, turc, hindi, sanskrit et langue védique.

L’Université de Kaunas propose l’enseignement du japonais, du mandarin et du coréen. Son principal thème de recherche est la représentation en images des pays d’Asie de l’Est en Europe.

PUBLICATIONS

Acta Orientalia Vilnensia – publiée en anglais depuis 2000, la revue propose également des publications en ligne sur le site : http://www.oc.vu.lt/en/aov.html.

FINLANDE

Source: Asia-Pacific studies in Finland, by Tiina Airaksinen, University Lecturer in Asia-Pacific Studies, Asia-Pacific Studies programme University of Helsinki, Finland (2009). Consulter la version anglaise/See the english version

BREF HISTORIQUE

L’Université d’Helsinki est fondée en 1640 au même moment que l’Académie royale d’Abo et est déplacée à Helsinki en 1820. Elle est la plus ancienne université de Finlande. La chaire de professorat Linguarum Orientalium est créée dès 1640.

Les études d’Asie et du Pacifique sont inaugurées en 2001 à l’Institut Renvall de l’Université d’Helsinki et couvrent plus spécifiquement l’Asie de l’Est et du Sud-Est.

L’Université de Turku propose un cours sur l’Asie de l’Est depuis plus de quarante ans. En 2005, une chaire d’histoire chinoise contemporaine est établie au sein du Département d’histoire chinoise contemporaine sous l’égide de la Faculté de sciences sociales. Depuis sa fondation en 2006, le Centre d’études de l’Asie de l’Est (CEAS) a mené un certain nombre de projets de recherche de haut niveau. Entre 2007 et 2009, l’Académie de Finlande a attribué une subvention de 250 000 euros au CEAS pour un projet sur Tianjin et la gouvernance urbaine en Chine.

ORGANISATION ET FONCTIONNEMENT ACTUEL

Université d’Helsinki

Les principaux champs d’étude sont : l’histoire, les problèmes sociétaux, l’intégration, les relations internationales, les problèmes de développement et les cultures contemporaines de la région. Après avoir obtenu une licence en études d’Asie et du Pacifique, les étudiants peuvent poursuivre leurs études par un Master en études de l’Asie de l’Est. A ce jour trois étudiants ont obtenu leur licence.

Différents séminaires, forums et conférences sont organisés pour les étudiants, les doctorants et les chercheurs post-doctorants.

Institut d’études asiatiques et africaines, programme d’études de l’Asie de l’Est

http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/aakkl/english/disciplines/east.html

Fondée en 1974, la première chaire d’études de l’Asie de l’Est est créée en 1987 et devient permanente en 1994.

Institut Confucius

http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/confucius/index.html

Créé en 2006, il organise des cours de langue et de culture en rapport avec la Chine.

Université de Turku

http://aasia.utu.fi/en/

Université d’Oulu

Se consacre aux études japonaises.

Université ouverte

DOMAINES D’ÉTUDE

Université d’Helsinki

Des cours sont proposés en histoire, sciences politiques, économie, anthropologie et art. Les axes de recherche sont : histoire asiatique moderne, identités et interactions Asie – Occident, échanges interculturels Asie – Occident.

Les études asiatiques modernes en général englobent l’histoire, le développement économique et les problèmes politiques.

Institut d’études asiatiques et africaines, programme d’études de l’Asie de l’Est

Les deux principaux axes de recherche sont : les études classiques de l’Asie de l’Est (langues classiques, littératures, philosophies, beaux-arts) et les études modernes de l’Asie de l’Est (histoire moderne, développement économique, enjeux sociopolitiques).

En raison des ressources limitées allouées à ces axes de recherche en Finlande, il est conseillé aux étudiants se spécialisant dans des domaines plus pointus de rechercher un encadrement scientifique à l’étranger.

L’enseignement et la recherche se font dans les langues suivantes : japonais, coréen, chinois, anglais, finlandais, cantonais et vietnamien.

Université de Turku

Axes de recherche :

  • Problèmes environnementaux et développement urbain en Asie de l’Est
  • Système juridique et droits de l’homme en Chine
  • Mouvements sociaux et contestataires en Chine et au Japon
  • Politique contemporaine de Taiwan
  • Migration de travail chinoise
  • Relations étrangères de la Chine

Université d’Oulu

Axes de recherche :

  • Occupation américaine au Japon
  • Travail missionnaire au Japon
  • Identité nationale au Japon
  • Image du Japon en Occident

PERSONNEL

Université d’Helsinki

Un à deux chercheurs et cinq à six enseignants à temps partiel.

Langues de recherche et d’enseignement : anglais, finlandais et suédois.

Institut d’études asiatiques et africaines, programme d’études de l’Asie de l’Est

Deux professeurs, trois maîtres de conférence, un assistant et plusieurs enseignants à temps partiel.

Environ 16 étudiants en licence d’art, 19 étudiants en master d’art, 3 docteurs de philosophie sont diplômés chaque année de l’Institut. Les étudiants peuvent travailler en tant qu’enseignants, traducteurs, chercheurs ou administrateurs internationaux.

Université d’Oulu

Trois doctorats, quatre licences et plus de 20 masters.

PUBLICATIONS

En anglais :

  •  Leena Avonius, Damien Kingsbury (eds.): Human rights in Asia. A reassessment of the Asian values debate, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • TiinaH. Airaksinen: Love your country on Nanjing road: the British and the may fourth movement I Shanghai. Renvall Institute Publications; 19. University of Helsinki, 2005.
  • Raisa Asikainen (toim.): Perspectives on China. Papers from the Nordic association for China studies conference at the University of Helsinki, June 7-9 2005. Renvall Institute Publications; 21. University of Helsinki.
  • Olavi K. Fält, Fascism, Militarism or Japanism? The interpretation of the crisis years of 1930-1941 in the Japanese English-language press. (1985)
  • The Clash of Interests. The transformation of Japan in 1861-1881 in the eyes of the local Anglo-Saxon press. (1990)
  • Henry Oinas-Kukkonen, Tolerence, Suspicion and Hostility. Changing U.S. Attitudes toward the Japanese Communist Movement, 1944-1947. (2003)
  • Seija Jalagin (ed.), Japan – Reflections on the Eastern Mind. (1998)

En finlandais :

  • Raisa Asikainen, Teemu Naarajärvi, Juha Vuori (eds.): Pekingin kevät 1989. Tiananmen ja kiinalaisen aktivismin rajat, (Spring in Pekin 1989: Tiananmen and limits of Chinese activism), Gaudeamus 2005.
  • Raisa Asikainen, Juha Vuori (eds.): Kiinan yhteiskunta muutoksessa, (Chinese society in transition), Gaudeamus 2005.

 

ITALIE

Consulter la version anglaise/See the english version

BREF HISTORIQUE

En Italie, les études asiatiques se concentrent principalement sur la Chine, le Japon, l’Inde et l’Asie centrale. Les études orientales remontent à l’époque de la Rome impériale. En 1481, l’hébreu, l’arabe et l’araméen sont enseignés au Studium Urbis à Rome en raison de leur importance pour l’étude de la Bible et de l’histoire de l’Église.

Au Moyen-Âge, voyageurs, marchands et hommes d’Église traversent l’Asie pour atteindre l’Extrême-Orient, le plus connu d’entre eux étant Marco Polo. Mais en Italie, la sinologie est principalement associée aux travaux de deux jésuites : Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) et Pasquale D’Elia (1890-1963). Matteo Ricci fut le premier sinologue italien, Pasquale D’Elia le meilleur sinologue de Rome dans l’entre-deux-guerres et le dernier missionnaire sinologue « pré-moderne ».

Pendant les années 1980, les études japonaises et chinoises connaissent de profonds bouleversements. Jusqu’au début des années 1980, la majorité des étudiants intéressés par l’Extrême-Orient avaient suivi un cursus en sciences humaines et étaient principalement intéressés par la culture asiatique. A partir de la seconde moitié de la décennie, le nombre d’étudiants passe de 10 – 15 à plus de 100 par an et les domaines d’étude sont étendus, au-delà de la langue et de la culture, à l’économie, l’histoire et à des sujets contemporains. Plus récemment, des cours spécialisés sur le Japon ont été proposés, par exemple un cours sur le commerce japonais à l’Université privée Bocconi de Milan et des cours de traduction et d’interprétariat à Lecce. L’indologie et les études sur l’Asie centrale sont moins développées que les études chinoises et japonaises.

ORGANISATION ET FONCTIONNEMENT ACTUEL

Aujourd’hui les trois principales chaires de recherche sont Naples, Rome et Venise.

  • L’Orientale à l’Université de Naples, anciennement Institut universitaire oriental, accueille un important département d’études asiatiques, couvrant l’intégralité de l’Asie et le monde islamique.
  • L’Université de Rome, La Sapienza, abrite des spécialistes de langue, d’histoire et d’archéologie des pays asiatiques.
  • À l’Université de Venise, « Ca’Foscari », l’accent est mis sur les études chinoises et l’Asie de l’Est.

 Plusieurs institutions culturelles et fondations privées ont activement promu les études asiatiques :

  • L’Institut italien pour l’Afrique et l’Orient, créé en 1995.
  • L’Institut Venise et l’Orient de la Fondation Giorgio Cini, fondé en 1958.

PERSONNEL

Études chinoises et japonaises :

  • Langue et littérature chinoise : 35 chercheurs, dont sept professeurs à temps plein (quatre à Venise, un à Rome, un à Milan et un à Naples)
  • Langue et littérature japonaise : 24 chercheurs, dont six professeurs à temps plein (deux à Naples et Venise, un à Rome et Milan)
  • Histoire de l’Asie de l’Est et du Sud-Est : 11 chercheurs, dont trois professeurs à temps plein (deux à Naples et un à Venise)
  • Archéologie, histoire de l’art et philosophie de l’Asie de l’Est : sept chercheurs, dont cinq professeurs à temps plein (deux à Naples et un à Rome, Venise et Gêne)

Aujourd’hui, on compte 77 chercheurs permanents en études chinoises et japonaises dans les universités italiennes.

Études indiennes

  • Langues modernes et littérature du sous-continent indien : 10 chercheurs, dont trois professeurs à temps plein à Rome, Naples et Venise.
  • Indologie et tibétologie : 18 chercheurs, dont huit professeurs à temps plein à Milan, Bologne, Palerme, Turin, Cagliari, Pise, Basilicate et Rome.
  • Philosophie, religion et histoire de l’Inde et de l’Asie centrale : cinq chercheurs, aucun professeur à temps plein.
  • Archéologie et histoire des arts de l’Inde et de l’Asie centrale : neuf chercheurs, dont quatre professeurs à temps plein à Naples, Bologne et Rome.

Un total de 42 chercheurs étudient l’Inde et l’Asie centrale.

DOMAINES D’ÉTUDE

À l’Université de Naples, les études asiatiques englobent l’intégralité de l’Asie et le monde islamique. A l’Université de Rome, l’enseignement en chinois et en japonais a fait place à l’enseignement du persan puis du sanskrit. A Venise, le département d’études eurasiatiques se concentre sur des thèmes reliant l’Europe et l’Asie. L’Institut italien pour l’Afrique et l’Orient mène des recherches et des programmes de coopération dans de nombreux pays asiatiques dont la Chine, l’Inde, le Pakistan, le Népal, le Turkménistan, l’Ouzbékistan, l’Afghanistan, l’Iran et le Yémen. Il dispense également des cours de chinois, japonais, coréen, arabe, persan et turc.

PUBLICATIONS

  • East and West, revue fondée en 1950 et publiée par l’Institut italien pour l’Afrique et l’Orient
  • Annali dell’Istituto Univerisitario Orientale, revue publiée par l’Université de Naples
  • Rivista di Studi Orientali, revue officielle du département des études orientales de l’Université de Rome
  • Quaderni Eurasiatici, revue publiée à Venise

BELGIQUE

Source : Asian studies in Belgium – Pierre-Henry de Bruyn, Université de La Rochelle, France, et Paul Servais, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgique (2009). Consulter le texte original

Consulter la version anglaise/see the english version

BREF HISTORIQUE

L’orientalisme est d’abord enseigné et étudié à Louvain, en Belgique, dès le début du 16ème siècle, à une période où les actuelles Hollande et Belgique forment une entité encore floue appelée les Pays-Bas, qui font partie de l’empire espagnol des Habsbourg dirigé par Charles V.

En 1517, le Collège des Trois Langues (Collegium Trilingue) est fondé par Hiëronymus van Busleyden, chanoine de Malines (Mechelen), un humaniste, diplomate et ami de Thomas More et d’Erasme de Rotterdam. A l’initiative de ce dernier, Busleyden lègue sa fortune à une fondation pour l’établissement à Louvain d’un institut d’études du latin, du grec et de l’hébreu.

Le Collegium Trilingue, bien qu’indépendant de la Faculté de Théologie, a pour principal objet d’apporter aux étudiants en théologie une connaissance solide du latin, du grec et de l’hébreu, celle-ci étant indispensable à une interprétation juste de la Bible.

Durant la période menant à la Première Guerre mondiale, l’indien, l’iranien et beaucoup d’autres langues sont ajoutées au cursus des Facultés de Théologie et de Lettres. Cependant, jusqu’au milieu des années 1930, les cours restent dispersés entre les deux facultés, et ne mènent pas à un diplôme en études orientales en tant que tel. Le temps paraît venu à certains de rassembler cours et enseignants sous une seule et même enseigne. Comme le déclare le président de l’université lors de l’annonce officielle de la fondation d’un Institut orientaliste en 1936 : « Pendant les trois premiers quarts du dix-neuvième siècle, les différentes branches des études orientales ont principalement été considérées comme des sciences secondaires, au service tant des études scripturales et théologiques que de la philologie classique.

Cependant, ces disciplines sont depuis longtemps devenues indépendantes, et nous aurions dû commencer il y a plusieurs années déjà à unir nos forces et nos efforts. Cette unification est maintenant devenue réalité à l’Institut orientaliste de Louvain, qui aura comme programme l’instruction philologique de toutes les langues anciennes et l’instruction critique de l’histoire des anciens peuples de l’Orient. »

Les études extrême-orientales, au sens général, connaissent une grande avancée grâce à la contribution conséquente du Professeur Etienne Lamotte. Cet érudit, nommé professeur en 1932, se distingue dans les études bouddhiques. Autant à l’aise en sanskrit, pali et tibétain qu’en chinois classique, il produit d’impressionnantes traductions et études de textes sacrés bouddhiques, se créant par-là, ainsi qu’à l’institut, une réputation mondiale.

Les années 1960 sont une décennie de bouleversements et de changements considérables pour l’Université. En 1966-1967, l’Université est divisée en deux entités : une université néerlandophone, qui reste dans la ville historique de Louvain, et une université francophone, qui déménage dans la partie francophone de la Belgique et est renommée Louvain-la-Neuve. L’Institut orientaliste est divisé selon les mêmes distinctions linguistiques.

Comme la plupart des professeurs concernés par l’Extrême-Orient sont francophones, la section d’Extrême-Orient s’installe à Louvain-la-Neuve, où Lamotte continue d’enseigner. L’Institut orientaliste étend ses programmes pour proposer un cursus de quatre ans en 1974. En 1978, il devient un département à part entière de la Faculté de Lettres et offre un programme de quatre ans en études extrême-orientales.

Lorsque la Chine ouvre ses portes en 1979, un programme de sinologie est créé sous la direction du Professeur U. Libbrecht (retraité depuis 1993). Depuis, le programme a été le témoin d’un développement considérable. Aujourd’hui, hormis le programme général – qui se compose de cours de chinois (moderne et classique), d’histoire et de philosophie – les étudiants ont l’opportunité de se spécialiser soit en culture et en histoire, soit en économie. Les cours sont principalement donnés en néerlandais.

ORGANISATION ET FONCTIONNEMENT ACTUEL

  • Université Catholique de Louvain
  • Université de Louvain (Leuven)
  • L’Institut belge d’études chinoises, établi en 1929 suivant une initiative de la Chine. Durant ses 80 ans d’existence, l’Institut a développé trois types d’activités : une bibliothèque, des activités pédagogiques, telles que des cours et des conférences, et la publication de textes bouddhiques et chinois.
  • La Société belge pour l’indologie, dans laquelle l’Université de Gand joue un rôle primordial avec ses départements de langues et cultures de l’Asie du Sud, et de l’Asie orientale.
  • Le Centre d’études japonaises de l’Université de Gand
  • Le Centre pour la coopération internationale et les études du développement de l’Université libre de Bruxelles

DOMAINES D’ÉTUDES

Après la mort de Monseigneur Lamotte, les études chinoises à l’Université catholique de Louvain disparaissent presque. Cependant, ce champ s’engage depuis peu dans un processus progressif de reconstruction, pas tant dans le domaine de la sinologie classique que dans les études des aires contemporaines.

À  l’Université de Louvain, trois champs de recherche sont actuellement représentés :

  • La philosophie classique chinoise des dynasties Zhou et Han
  • Les échanges culturels entre la Chine et l’Occident depuis le 17ème siècle
  • Le chinois moderne (qui inclut la recherche appliquée sur l’enseignement du chinois)

Dans d’autres institutions, les sujets étudiés sont : le sanskrit et la culture tokharienne, la philosophie jaïn, les débuts du bouddhisme, le statut de la religion dans les temps modernes avec une attention particulière sur le bouddhisme dans l’Asie orientale et le Japon moderne, l’histoire intellectuelle et la philosophie en Chine et au Japon modernes.

PERSONNEL

Les deux seuls sinologues en poste d’enseignement dans une université francophone en Belgique sont Eric Florence à l’Université de Liège, spécialiste des questions de migration, qui a contribué à la fondation d’un Institut Confucius à Liège en 2006 ; et Françoise Lauwaert, à l’Université libre de Bruxelles, qui donne deux cours sur la Chine (anthropologie historique du monde chinois et de l’Asie contemporaine) et des cours en langue classique. Elle est également rattachée à l’Institut des Hautes Etudes de Belgique.

Dans les parties francophone et néerlandophone du pays, la situation est donc différente. Malgré d’importantes différences sur les plans financier et institutionnel, des personnalités des deux parties se mobilisent pour améliorer l’état des études asiatiques.

Pour en savoir plus : http://resap.hypotheses.org/1590#sthash.aZWWlays.dpuf

RUSSIAN FEDERATION – SAINT PETERSBURG

 Source: Sinology in St. Petersburg: Traditions and Contemporary Approaches, by Nikolay Samoylov, Faculty of Asian & African Studies, St.Petersburg State University, Russian Federation (July 2012). See the original text here

 

SHORT HISTORY

On the 18th of June 1700, Peter the Great issued an edict that is considered to be the first decree on Russian studies of Oriental languages.  The Russian Tsar ordered that “two or three talented and not very old monks” be sent to Tobolsk (Siberia) to study Chinese and Mongolian. The first ecclesiastical mission arrived in Beijing in 1716 and remained there for the following three centuries, preaching Christianity. They studied the Qing dynasty, the Manchu army and relations between China and neighbouring countries, and translated Chinese and Manchu publications as well as Confucian classics into Russian. In 1741, Illarion Rossokhin founded the first school of Chinese studies in Saint Petersberg.

The Faculty of Oriental Studies at the University of Saint Petersburg was established in 1854. In 1899, an Institute of Oriental Studies was founded in Vladivostok, at which graduates of Saint Petersburg University were the first professors.

After the October Revolution in 1917, all the faculties and departments of Petrograd University (former Saint Petersburg) were reorganized. Gradually, the only method of scholarly research and teaching became Marxism-Leninism: the main fields studied were to be social and economic development and the history of the class struggle and the revolutionary movement in China. Between 1920 and 1950, Soviet officials imposed the Stalinist view on China in university courses, repudiating classical Sinology. During that period, many Russian Sinologists were arrested and put into prison or concentration camps or simply killed.

The Faculty of Oriental studies was re-established in 1944, and the best traditions of the Saint Petersburg School of Chinese studies were brought back to life by a group of renowned Russian Sinologists.

In 1960 to the 1980s, Sinology took a new direction, with the study of Chinese intellectual history, the history of Chinese secret societies and religious groups and the history of the Chinese peasant movement. From 1961 to the present, the Faculty of Oriental Studies has held special conferences on the problems of historiography. Today, it ranks among the world’s largest institutions in the field of Sinology.

PRESENT ORGANISATION AND FUNCTIONING – FIELDS STUDIED

  •  Saint Petersburg Faculty of Oriental Studies

A 4-year BA programme is offered at the Faculty of Oriental Studies of Saint Petersburg University.

Students must study at least two oriental and one European language. The theoretical courses cover a wide spectrum of disciplines: history of China, Chinese literature, linguistics, ethnography, philosophy, economy and religions.

Graduates are awarded a BA in the general field of Oriental and African studies.

The Faculty also offers five Masters degrees, and graduates are awarded an MA degree in Oriental and African studies.

Students learn Chinese, both modern and classical, literature, ethnography, religion, philosophy, politics and economics; they also study English and Japanese. This curriculum provides the students with extensive knowledge of Chinese civilization and Chinese society, to help them work in various fields as researchers, interpreters, diplomats, journalists, teachers, librarians and business representatives in East Asia.

Professors from Saint Petersburg State University contributed to the establishment of a new Sinology centre in Blagoveshensk, at the Russian-Chinese border.

Many eminent scholars maintain the best traditions of the classical Saint Petersburg School for Chinese studies. They are concentrated in two departments:

  • Chinese Philology
  • History of Far Eastern Countries

Fifteen professors and teachers hold seminars on various aspects of Chinese studies.

Specialists from other Saint Petersburg academic institutions, such as the Institute of Oriental Studies, the Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography and the State Hermitage Museum, are invited to teach special courses.

  • Confucius Institute at Saint Petersburg State University

Founded in July 2005 under an agreement between Saint Petersburg State University and the Chinese national office for teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Its aims are to combine excellent traditions of teaching Chinese in Russia with the experience of Chinese partners and the latest techniques of distance education. The Confucius Institute offers courses in Chinese language, calligraphy and culture.

11 teachers of Chinese languages: nine are Russian and two are Chinese.

160 students are enrolled in language courses.

  • Saint Petersburg branch of the Institute for Far Eastern Studies

Founded in 2010 as a branch of the Institute for Far Eastern Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. Its main task is cooperation in the scientific activities of Saint Petersburg and Moscow scholars engaged in East Asian studies.

  • Library of the Russian Academy of science

The library of the Russian academy of science is a large State-owned library based in Saint Petersburg.

The library was founded in Saint Petersburg by a decree of Peter I in 1714 and subsequently integrated into the structure of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Since 1747, all academic institutions, and since 1783 all publishers in the country have been legally obliged to provide the library with a free copy of each published item. Between 1728 and 1924, its collections were stored in the Kunstkamera building, with which it had formed a single academic institution until 1803. In 1924-1925, the collections were transferred to a new building built for the library in 1914 and occupied by a military hospital during the First World War. On 15 February 1988, the library suffered a catastrophic fire, which destroyed or damaged a considerable part of the collection.

The Asia and Africa Publications Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences Library was established in 1953.

  • Institute of Oriental Manuscripts

Dvortsovaya nab. 18, Saint Petersburg

The Institute is divided into six academic divisions:

Department of Ancient Eastern Studies

Department of Central Asian and South Asian Studies

Department of Far Eastern Studies

Department of Manuscripts and Documents

Department of Middle Eastern and Near Eastern Studies

The Academic Library

  • Kunstkamera

Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography. Russian Academy of Sciences

3 University Embankment, Saint Petersburg

In autumn 1714, Peter the Great ordered Doctor Robert Areskin to move his personal collection and library from Moscow to Saint Petersburg, the new capital, and to begin work on the creation of the first State public museum – the Kunstkamera. For Peter the Great, it was extremely important to create an image of a changing Russia. The Emperor had the habit of receiving ambassadors in his museum, and a tour of the museum was part of the programme for all important guests.

The museum is divided in research departments:

Department of Australia, Oceania and Indonesia

Department of America

Department of Physical Anthropology

Department of Archaeology

Department of Africa

Department of East and Southeast Asia

Department of Eastern Slavs and Peoples of European Russia

Department of Europe

Department of Caucasus

Department of Siberia

Department of Central Asia

Department of South and Southwest Asia

Department of the history of Kunstkamera and 18th century Russian Science (M.V. Lomonosov museum)

Centre of Political and Social Anthropology

  • Saint Petersburg State University, Faculty of Philosophy

Saint Petersburg State University Faculty of Philosophy

Department of Oriental Philosophy and Culture established in the Faculty of Philosophy of Saint Petersburg State University in 1998.

It has four educational programmes, two of which are devoted to Far Eastern and South Asia regions: Chinese culture (headed by Professor Marina Kravtsova) and culture of India (headed by Professor Sergei Pahomov).

Overall enrolment in the Chinese culture programme is 100 students, currently with five full-time teachers. The programme covers a wide range of topics in the history of Chinese culture (including religion, philosophy, political thought  in classical times and modernity). The teaching is based primarily on developing the linguistic skills of the students, enabling them to carry out their research on the basis of both primary sources and secondary literature. The course takes 5 years, which is traditional in the Russian higher educational system, and comprises both lectures such as on the history of China, the history of Chinese culture and philosophy, the history of Chinese art, the history of Chinese literature, Chinese popular beliefs and religions of modern China. There is also  a variety of courses in both modern and classical Chinese and written Japanese. At the end of each school year, a research paper must be presented. The course is completed by a State examination and an oral examination on the final research topic. On the basis of their academic achievements, the students can continue to graduate school.

The programme on the culture of India is organized on the same model. The overall enrollment is 20 students, with four full-time teachers. It covers various areas of Indian culture, including religious, philosophical and social aspects, from antiquity until modern times, with numerous lectures on topics such as Indian philosophy, history of India, Vedic religion and Hinduism, Indian literature, Indian art and the social system of India. The programme also includes language classes in Sanskrit and in Hindi (the main language of modern India).

  • Ho Chi Minh Institute

Saint Petersburg State University Faculty of Asian and African Studies

The Institute was founded in 2010 with support from the Government of Viet Nam and Saint Petersburg State University.

The main research areas:

Contemporary political situation in Viet Nam

International relations in South-East Asia

Foreign policy of Viet Nam

Modern and current history of Viet Nam

RUSSIAN FEDERATION – MOSCOW

Source: Summary of information gathered by Mikhail Roshchin, Institute of Oriental Studies at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation (2010).

 

Oriental studies at Moscow University started as early as the 1750s. The Institute of Asian and African Studies is the leading Russian centre for training specialists in oriental studies in general and in studies of countries and regions of Asia and Africa.

The Institute of Oriental Studies at the Russian Academy of Sciences is Russia‘s leading research institution for the study of the countries and cultures of Asia and North Africa. The Institute is located in Moscow. It was formerly in Saint Petersburg, but in 2007 the Saint Petersburg branch was reorganized into a separate Institute of Oriental Manuscripts.

  • Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology

 Leninsky Prospect, 32A, Moscow

Short history

The Institute is part of the history branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was established in the Soviet Union by amalgamation of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography and the Institute for the Study of Ethnic Groups of the USSR in autumn 1933.

The institute has its own library, archives and museum.

Countries and fields studied

Central Asia, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, other countries of South-East Asia, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, the republic of Korea, Japan, Oceania.

Anthropology, social and medical ethnology, ethnosociology, ethno-ecology, cross-cultural psychology, culture, political sciences, religion.

Staff

153 researchers

24 PhDs

Publications

An electronic publication: www.ethnonet.ru

Races and people” is a magazine that is published regularly. The last one appeared in 2006.

  •  GORKY Institute of World Literature

 Povarkaya, 25A, Moscow

http://www.imli.ru/

The Institute is part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was founded in 1932 for the 40th anniversary of Maxim Gorky’s literary activity.

The department of Asian and African literature was founded in 1975-76.

The Institute is considered the most important Russian centre in literature studies. The personnel comprises 209 researchers, with 39 PhD students.

  • Institute of Linguistics

Bolchoi Kislovsky Pereoulok, 1/12 Moscow

http://www.iling-ran.ru

The Institute is part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was founded in 1950 in Moscow.  The staff comprises 103 researchers, with 25 PhD students.

The Institute is considered an essential linguistic study centre.

  • Institute of Practical Oriental Studies

Nahimovsky Prospeckt, 32 Moscow

http://www.ipos-msk.ru

This nongovernmental institution of higher education, which is part of the Academy of Pacific Region Countries, was founded in 1993. It was initiated on a decision of the Academic Council of the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Moscow State University to meet the growing demand for orientalists with training in practical rather than purely scientific areas.

There are 65 professors and 268 students.

The countries studied are: all the Arabic countries, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, other countries of South-East Asia, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, the Republic of Korea, Japan and Taiwan.

The fields studied are history, linguistics, culture and politics.

  • Institute of Oriental Studies

Rozhdestvenka, 12  Moscou

http://www.ivran.ru/

The Institute was established during the time of the Soviet Union and was situated in Saint Petersburg. In 1950, the Institute was transferred to Moscow and is now known as the main centre of oriental studies in Russia. The Saint Petersburg branch still exists, to which, since 2009, the Institute for Oriental Manuscripts is attached.

There are 388 researchers and 50 PhD students.

The countries studied are: all the Arabic countries, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, other countries of South-East Asia, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand and other countries of Oceania.

The fields studied are: history, philology, linguistics, economy, culture and politics.

  • ORIENTAL UNIVERSITY

Rozhdestvenka, 12, Moscou

http://www.orun.ru/

The University was founded in 1994 in Moscow.  It is a branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies, and many professors at the University are also researchers at the Institute.

There are 72 professors and 203 students.

The countries and areas studied are: the Far East, Australia and other parts of Oceania, South and South-East Asia, Iran and the Arabic world.

Institutes in charge of Asian and Oriental studies in Romania

There are different institutes in which Asian research is conducted in Romania where researchers, human and social sciences PhD teachers and Asian geo-cultural relations experts work on culture, history, social life, archaeology or linguistics.

Most institutions are attached either to the Romanian Academy or to a University where one can find research centres and Master studies of Asian languages, civilisations and cultures.

Religion, religious interaction between eastern and western Europe, modern history of Eastern Asia, political orientation, migration, literature are so many studied subjects.

Most of the teachers have passed their PhD, but some are still studying and often publish articles in French or English.

The studied countries are: the Russian federation, India, Japan, China, Turkey, Tibet, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Belorussia, Afghanistan and the Caucasian region.

Many scholarships were granted for Japanese studies due to the cultural and educational exchanges that exist between Romania and Japan.

In 2008 the first Master in Eastern Asia studies was created at the university of Bucharest, students can major in Chinese, Japanese or Korean language. That same year was created the Asian studies department at the Babes- Bolyai Cluj-Napoca University.

The University study centres:

Centrul de studii est-europene si asiatice (Eastern Europe and Asian studies centre), Bucharest University.

10 researchers or teachers.

Str. Povernei, no. 6, Sect.1, Bucharest, Romania


E-mail: contact@cseea.ro

Centrul de Istoria Religiilor (Religious studies centre), history faculty, Bucharest University.

9 researchers or teachers.

B-dul  Regina Elisabeta, Nr. 4-12, Sector 5

Asociatia Romana  de Istoria Religiilor (Association for the History of religions), University of Bucharest

10 researchers or teachers.

Str. Edgar Quinet 14, Cod Postal 010017, sector 1

Centrul de studii romano-japoneze (Romanian-Japanese studies centre),

10 researchers or teachers.

Universitatea Româno-Americană,
Bulevardul Expoziţiei, nr. 1B

Institutul de Turcologie si Studii central-asiatice, (Institute of Turkish and Central Asian studies), University Cluj-Napoca.

20 researchers or teachers.

Universitatea, BABEŞ-BOLYAI
Mihail Kogălniceanu nr. 1 RO- 400084
Cluj-Napoca

The fantasy and rationality Research Centre Mircea Eliade, University of Craiova

9 researchers or teachers.

Str. A.I. Cuza nr. 13

Craiova 200585

Centrul de studii ebraice Goldstein Goren, (Hebraic studies centre), Bucharest University.

Str. Edgar Quinet 5-7, Bucureşti.

The Romanian Academy institutions:

Institutul de Istorie “Nicolae Iorga” (History Institution Nicolae Iorga),

Bld Aviatorilor1, 011851Bucureşti

Institutul National de Istoria a Religiilor (National Institute for the History of religions)

15 researchers

Calea 13 Septembrie, nr. 13 Sect. 5, Bucharesti.

Bucharest University

Faculty of foreign languages and literatures; department of oriental languages and literature.

Asian studies Masters: China, Japan, and Korea.

Strada Pitar Moş nr. 7-13 etaj 1, Bucuresti

Hyperion University

Calea Calarasilor, Nr. 169, Sector 3, Bucuresti

University Babes-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca

Mihail Kogălniceanu nr. 1 RO- 400084
Cluj-Napoca

Faculty of arts

Department of Asian studies

Chinese, Japanese and Korean language studies.

Bucharest Japanese language school

Str. Biserica Enei nr. 2, bl. Dunarea

Popular Constanta University

20 researchers or teachers

Universitatea Populara Constanta, Bd. Ferdinand nr. 28, mun. Constanta, CT 900726

“Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Japanese language and culture courses.

Bulevardul Carol I, Nr.11, 700506 Iasi.

Asian Research Centres:

Romanian Euro-Asian studies Institute

31-35, Emil Racovita Street, Residential Complex Azur 1, Pipera Vila AJ 42, Bucarest

Nipponica Foundation

BB-dul. Timişoara, Nr. 43, Bl. P13, Ap. 148, Sector 6, O.P. 66, C.P. 53, Cod 77300, Bucurest

Cultural exchange centre – Musashino, Brasov

Str. Matei Basarab 2, 500008 Braşov

Asociatia profesorilor de limba japoneza din Romania (Japanese languages professor’s association).

Bdul Stefan cel Mare si Sfint, nr 17, bl. 1, sc C, et. 2, ap6.  Iaşi, jud. Iaşi

Japanese and Romanian culture lovers’ association

B-dul. 1 decembrie 1918, Bl. 205, Ap.34, Târgu Mureş

PACIFIC STUDIES IN EUROPE

Source: Report on Pacific Studies Centers and groups in Europe, by Serge Tcherkézoff, Ecole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS – Institute of Advanced Studies in Social Science), France  (2009).

Voir la version française

There are four centers in Europe :

Three full-blown which are, from north to south:

In Norway, at the University of Bergen (4 + …)

BERGEN PACIFIC STUDIES RESEARCH GROUP

It is interesting to note how, in Norway (which has absolutely no historical, strategic or aid-related interest in the Pacific), external funding and institutional importance for Pacific Studies can nevertheless be reached through pursuing the role of the Pacific in the wider theoretical agendas of anthropology and related disciplines.

In Netherlands, at the University of Nijmegen

NIJMEGEN CENTRE FOR PACIFIC AND ASIAN STUDIES

The CPAS constitutes a network of social and cultural anthropologists, legal anthropologists, development sociologists, geographers, historians, and linguists at the University of Nijmegen and at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen. At present approximately 25 senior and 14 junior scholars are affiliated with the Centre.

These research projects are initiated and carried out by staff from the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, the Department of History, the Department of Folk Law, the Department of Human Geography and the Research Group Language and Cognition of the Max Planck Institute. The Centre is affiliated with the Nijmegen Institute for Social Cultural Research (NISCO) and the national Research School for Resource Studies for Development (CERES). In the field of Oceanic and Southeast Asian Studies it closely cooperates with the Netherlands Association for Oceanic Studies (NVOS), the Centre for Non-Western Studies (CNWS), the Centre for Asian Studies in Amsterdam (CASA), and the International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS).

The CPAS has signed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining the modalities of cooperation in the field of Pacific and Asian Studies with the Departments of Anthropology in Aarhus (Denmark) and Heidelberg (Germany). The CPAS is also represented on the board of the European Society for Oceanists since it was established at Nijmegen in 1992.

In France, at the CNRS/EHESS/Aix-Marseille Université

CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DE DOCUMENTATION SUR l’OCÉANIE (CREDO )

www:// pacific-credo.net

The CREDO is a multidisciplinary research and information centre specialised in South Pacific societies in the fields of social and cultural anthropology, history and archaeology.

There are 25 members part of three institutions: the CNRS (National scientific research centre), l’EHESS (Advanced social studies school) and the Aix-Marseille University.

The centre has set up three different activity sectors:

The first one concerns research in anthropology, history, ethno-archaeology and linguistics focused on Oceania (Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia).

The second relates to the teaching activities in the framework of the anthropology department of the Provence University (from junior to postgraduate students) and to the Master and PhD training at EHESS.

The third one refers to Documentation Centre on Oceanian societies.

The CREDO is part of the “Maison Asie-Pacifique” along with IrAsia (Asian research institute, UMR7306) and a unit combining documentation services with research enhancement.

The “Maison Asie-Pacifique” supplies the necessary tools to the members of two joint research units: the CREDO and IrAsia. The expression “Maison Asie-Pacifique” is often used to name all of the components. It represents more than 100 people (teacher-researchers and tenured associate teachers, PhDs, technician-engineer) whose attachment to a specific same structure allows them to be part of a workplace, a meeting place with a real global synergy beyond a simple worksite.

And  a fourth one, growing rapidly: In UK, at the University of Saint Andrews

SAINT ANDREWS CENTRE FOR PACIFIC STUDIES

The Centre for Pacific Studies at the University of St Andrews is offering two PhD fees-waiver scholarships in Social Anthropology. Focus is open but broadly defined as work on the societies of island Pacific and Melanesian regions.

There are three Research Units, or groups, or academic associations.

The largest and oldest is

In UK, at the University of East Anglia

University of East Anglia, SAINSBURY (The Sainsbury Research Unit (SRU))

It is a centre for the study of the arts of Africa, the Pacific region and the Americas, providing high quality facilities and a specialist research library for its staff, postgraduates and visiting scholars.

Two others are

In Germany, at the University of Göttingen

GOTTINGEN

In Germany, there is nearly only the University of GOTTINGEN where Pacific studies are strong. Besides several teachings (W. Kempf, Elfriede Hermann, etc.) – but not organized within a Center dedicated to Pacific studies–, there is an “Association for Pacific Studies” which is housed in the University. The main concern is the economic development, on socially and environmentally acceptable terms, especially of the economically disadvantaged states of the Pacific Region.

In Austria, at the University of Vienna

In Austria, at the University of Vienna, there is an association:

Osterreichisch-sudpazifischeGesellschaft OSPG


CZECH REPUBLIC

 Source: Presentation of Asian and Pacific studies, by Olga Lomova, Institute of East Asian Studies, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic (2009). See the original text here

SHORT HISTORY

Asian studies in the Czech Republic date back to the second half of the 19th century. ‘Asia’ was considered to be all the countries beyond Europe, including the Middle East, South and South East Asia and the Far East. From the beginning, Indology and Sinology have been the focus of Asian Studies at Prague’s Charles University.

After 1948, with the victory of the Communist revolution, Asian studies flourished. New chairs in Sinology, Japanology, and Koreanistics were established, and Indology developed further, divided according to language (Hindi, Bengali, Tamil). As there was restricted academic freedom in other humanities, Asian studies also attracted some of the best minds in Czech humanities at the time.  Most of these developments stopped in 1968 after the suppression of the Communist reformist movement, which resulted in purges in academic institutions, restricted access to information, limited international information and in some cases, namely Sinology, direct subordination of research and teaching to the decisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Academic research hibernated, occasionally pursued by scholars in private, and teaching was restricted to language instruction and topics relevant to politics and ideology. The only new development in this period was the creation of Mongolian and Vietnamese studies at Charles University. When academic freedom was restored in 1990, Asian studies faced a huge generation gap, accompanied by controversy about the previous Communist activities of some of the older scholars. Asian studies therefore returned to the tradition of philology-oriented studies. Asian social sciences started to develop only with the new generation of PhD degree holders.

PRESENT ORGANIZATION AND PRESENTATION

Charles University, Faculty of Philosophy (public institution, no fees)

Celetna 13

116 36 Prague 1

Telephone: +420 224 491 850

Fax: +420 224 491 895

E-mail: ipc@ruk.cuni.cz

There are three entities in the University:

  • Institute of East Asian studies

http://www.ff.cuni.cz

  • Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation International Sinological Centre

http://cck-isc.ff.cuni.cz/indexEn;html

  • Institute of South and Central Asia

http://www.ff.cuni.cz/FF-7332.htm

Oriental Institute, Academy of Sciences, Prague (public institution)

http://www.orient.cas.cz

The Institute has a department of East Asian Studies and a department of South Asian Studies.

Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Philosophy (public institution, no fees)

Department of Asian Studies

http://www.kas.upol.cz/

Masaryk University, Brno (public institution, no fees).

Centre for the Study of Religion in China and Japan

http://www.phil.muni.cz/relig/csncj-uvod.php

Metropolitan University, Prague (private institution, tuition fees).

Department of Asian Studies

http://www.cz/cs/pha/asijska-studia-a-mezinarodno-vztahy/472

FIELDS STUDIED

In these universities and institutes, the following studies are proposed: literature, linguistics, early history (pre-modern and modern), philosophy, religion, anthropology, Chinese medicine, contacts with Europe, contemporary Buddhism, modern literature, Taiwan.

Depending on the university or institution, BA and MA programmes are offered, a wide variety of language classes, various country studies

Charles University in Prague is the only centre of higher learning in the Czech Republic that offers a PhD programme in Asian studies.

Annual conferences and workshops are organized. There are also bilateral exchanges, European programmes and projects supported by Asian foundations.

ABOUT THE STAFF

There are about 56 lecturers and researchers in Asian studies in the Czech Republic. A full-time teacher is required to devote 1/3 of time to teaching, 1/3 to research and 1/3 to administration.

The number of students in all the listed institutions is 450-500, with a steady rise in the numbers.

PUBLICATIONS

–          Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Studia Orientalia Pragensia  since 1945

–          Mongolica Pragensia since 2007

–          Archiv Orientalni since 1929 (in English, French and German)

–          Novy Orient since 1945 (in Czech)

 

FINLAND

Source: Asia-Pacific studies in Finland, by Tiina Airaksinen, University Lecturer in Asia-Pacific Studies, Asia-Pacific Studies programme University of Helsinki, Finland (2009). See the original text here

 

SHORT HISTORY

The University of Helsinki was founded in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Abo and moved in 1820 to Helsinki. It is the oldest University in Finland. The chair for Professor Linguarum Orientalium was established as soon as 1640.

Asia Pacific studies were inaugurated in 2001 at the Renvall Institute of the University of Helsinki and are more specifically oriented towards East and Southeast Asia.

The University of Turku has been offering courses on East Asia for over forty years. In 2005, a Professorship in Contemporary Chinese History was established within the Department of Contemporary History under the aegis of the Faculty of Social Sciences. Since its founding in 2006, the Centre for East Asian Studies (CEAS) has led and carried out a number of high-profile research projects. Between 2007 and 2009, the Academy of Finland awarded CEAS a 250,000 euro grant for its project on Tianjin and urban governance in China

PRESENT ORGANISATION AND FUNCTIONING

University of Helsinki

http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/renvall/aps/aps_english.html

The main fields studied are: history, societal issues, integration, international relations, development problems and contemporary cultures of the region.

After completing a Bachelor’s degree in Asia Pacific studies, students can continue towards a Master’s degree in East Asian studies. So far three students have completed their BA degrees in Asia Pacific studies.

Different seminars, forums and conferences are regularly organized for students, postgraduate students and postdoctoral scholars.

Institute for Asian and African Studies, East Asian Studies programme

http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/aakkl/english/disciplines/east.html

Founded in 1974, the first professorship in East Asian studies was created in 1987 and became permanent in 1994.

Confucius Institute

http://www.helsinki.fi/hum/confucius/index.html

Established in 2006, organizes languages and culture courses related to China.

University of Turku

http://aasia.utu.fi/en/

University of Oulu

Concentrates on Japanese studies.

Open University

FIELDS STUDIED

University of Helsinki

There are courses on history, politics, economics, anthropology and arts. The different research fields are: Modern Asian history, Asian-Western identities and interaction, Asian-Western intercultural encounters.

Modern Asian Studies in general include history, economic development and political issues.

Institute for Asian and African Studies, East Asian Studies programme

The two principle directions of research are: Classical East Asian Studies (classical languages, literatures, philosophies and fine arts and Modern East Asian Studies (modern history, economic development, socio-political issues).

Due to the limited resources of these lines of research in Finland, students specializing in more specific topics are advised to search for contacts and supervision abroad.

Teaching and research languages: Japanese, Korean, Chinese, English, Finnish, Cantonese ad Vietnamese.

University of Turku

Research areas:

  • Environmental issues and urban development in East Asia
  • Legal system and human rights in China
  • Social movements and protests in China and Japan
  • Taiwanese contemporary politics
  • Chinese labour migration
  • Chinese foreign relations

University of Oulu

Research areas:

  • American occupation in Japan
  • Missionary work in Japan
  • Japanese national identity
  • Image of Japan in the West

STAFF

University of Helsinki

1-2 researchers and around 5-6 part time teachers.

Languages of teaching and research: English, Finnish and Swedish.

Institute for Asian and African Studies, East Asian Studies programme

There are two professors, three lecturers, one assistant and several special readers and part-time teachers.

About 16 Bachelors of Arts, 19 Masters of Arts and 3 Doctors of Philosophy graduate yearly from the Institute. Students can work as teachers, translators, researchers or international administrators.

University of Oulu

3 PhD thesis, 4 Licentiates and over 20 MA thesis.

PUBLICATIONS

In English:

  •  Leena Avonius, Damien Kingsbury (eds.): Human rights in Asia. A reassessment of the Asian values debate, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • TiinaH. Airaksinen: Love your country on Nanjing road: the British and the may fourth movement I Shanghai. Renvall Institute Publications; 19. University of Helsinki, 2005.
  • Raisa Asikainen (toim.): Perspectives on China. Papers from the Nordic association for China studies conference at the University of Helsinki, June 7-9 2005. Renvall Institute Publications; 21. University of Helsinki.
  • Olavi K. Fält, Fascism, Militarism or Japanism? The interpretation of the crisis years of 1930-1941 in the Japanese English-language press. (1985)
  • The Clash of Interests. The transformation of Japan in 1861-1881 in the eyes of the local Anglo-Saxon press. (1990)
  • Henry Oinas-Kukkonen, Tolerence, Suspicion and Hostility. Changing U.S. Attitudes toward the Japanese Communist Movement, 1944-1947. (2003)
  • Seija Jalagin (ed.), Japan – Reflections on the Eastern Mind. (1998)

In Finish:

  • Raisa Asikainen, Teemu Naarajärvi, Juha Vuori (eds.): Pekingin kevät 1989. Tiananmen ja kiinalaisen aktivismin rajat, (Spring in Pekin 1989: Tiananmen and limits of Chinese activism), Gaudeamus 2005.
  • Raisa Asikainen, Juha Vuori (eds.): Kiinan yhteiskunta muutoksessa, (Chinese society in transition), Gaudeamus 2005.

IRELAND

Source: Asian studies in Ireland, by Chris Connolly, University College Cork‐National University of Ireland, UCC, Ireland (2009). See the original text here

 

SHORT HISTORY 

Asian studies are a very young established academic discipline in Ireland, with the first school of Asian studies launched in 2008 at University College Cork-National University of Ireland, Cork (UCC). However, research on and study of Asia go back some years, when a number of business schools initiated Japanese language teaching into their curriculum; most notably the University of Limerick’s Kemmy Business School established the Euro-Asia Centre. In 1999, the Irish Government launched its ‘Asia Strategy’ document, prioritising the development of economic and other relations with China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Viet Nam.  As part of phase II of this strategy, in 2005 the Minister for Education announced the Department of Education’s support for the establishment of two Irish institutes of Chinese studies, one in University College Dublin (UCD) and the other in University College Cork (UCC). The institute in UCC quickly grew into a full department, running four degree programmes in Chinese studies. In 2009, the department expanded its scope of enquiry to include an MA in Asian studies, with a regional focus on North East Asia, and study in either Japanese or Korean language. Other institutions in Ireland have also introduced the teaching of Asian languages, while individual academics have their own research areas that include Asia-related topics.

PRESENT ORGANISATION AND FUNCTIONING

  • University of Ulster, University College Cork (UCC)

http://www.ulster.ac.uk/; http://www.ucc.ie/en/

  • Queens University Belfast (QUB)

http://www.qub.ac.uk/

  • National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG)

http://www.nuigalway.ie/

  • University of Limerick (UL)

http://www.ul.ie/

  • Dublin City University (DCU)

http://www.dcu.ie/

  • University College Dublin (UCD)

http://www.ucd.ie/

  • Trinity College, University of Dublin (TCUD)

http://www.tcd.ie/

  • National University of Ireland Maynooth (NUIM)

http://www.nuim.ie/

  • National College of Ireland (NCI)

http://www.ncirl.ie/

Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland is public and free, although students are required to pay a registration fee of €1500 to cover student services. A grant system is available providing up to €3400, administered by county councils. The education system is based on the License, Master, Doctorate system.

STAFF

There are 85 academics researching in the area of Asian studies, who conduct work on 22 different Asian countries, regions and intergovernmental bodies. China, Japan and India are the countries with the highest level of research activity. Most scholars are required to do research and teach as part of their duties, and it is a contractual obligation of all full-time academics to be ‘research active’ and publish, although there is no national system for the monitoring of this. Researchers are free to choose their own areas of research, although, of course, the Government can provide direction through preferential treatment for specific areas of research by the administration of research grants on certain topics. Private consultancy work is permitted, but must be declared. Internal research grants are limited, and most funding comes from external sources.

FIELDS STUDIED

Language and cultural studies are the main areas of study.  East Asia is the main area of research in language and cultural studies. Politics and history are the top areas of interest in each of the four regions of Asia (South, East, Southeast and Central Asia). The languages studied in the various establishments are: Japanese, Mandarin Chinese, Korean, Malay and Indonesian.

ITALY

Source: Asian Studies in Italy, by Carlo G. Cereti, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Italy (2005). See the original text here.

 

SHORT HISTORY

Asian studies in Italy focus mainly on China, Japan, India and Central Asia. Oriental studies have been practised in Italy since Imperial Rome. In 1481, Hebrew, Arabic and Chaldaic were taught in Rome’s Studium Urbis because of the importance these languages had for studying the Bible and church history.

In the Middle Ages, travellers, merchants and men of religion travelled throughout Asia to reach the “Far East”, the most famous of these being Marco Polo. Sinology in Italy is, however, most strongly associated with the work of two Jesuits: Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) and Pasquale D’Elia (1890-1963). Matteo Ricci was the first Italian Sinologist, while Pasquale D’Elia was the best Sinologist in Rome between the two World Wars and was the last “pre-modern” missionary Sinologist.

In the 1980s, Japanese and Chinese studies underwent major changes. Up to the early 1980s, most students interested in the Far East had a background in the humanities and were interested mainly in Asian culture. Towards the second half of that decade, the number of students rose from 10 to 15 a year to over 100 a year, and the fields of study expanded from language and culture to economy, history and contemporary subjects. More recently, specialized Japanese courses have been offered, such as Japanese business at the private Bocconi Univerity of Milan and the translation and interpretation course in Lecce.

Indology and Central Asian studies are less developed than Chinese and Japanese studies.

PRESENT ORGANISATION AND FUNCTIONING

Today the three main seats of research are Naples, Rome and Venice.

 ·         L’Orientale at the University of Naples, formerly the Istituto Universitario Orientale, hosts a large department of Asian studies, covering the whole of Asia and the Islamic world.

  • The University of Rome, La Sapienza, hosts specialists in the languages, history and archaeology of Asian countries.
  • At the University of Venice, “Ca’Foscari”, the main focus is on Chinese and East Asian studies.

Several cultural institutions and private foundations have been particularly active in promoting Asian studies, including:

  • The Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, established in 1995
  • The institute Venezia e l’Oriente of the Fondazione Giorgio Cini, founded in 1958
  • Chinese and Japanese studies:
    • Chinese language and literature: 35 researchers, including seven full-time professors (four in Venice, one each in Rome, Milan and Naples).
    • Japanese language and literature: 24 researchers, including six full-time professors (two in Naples and Venice and one each in Rome and Milan).
    • History of Eastern and South-Eastern Asia: 11 researchers, including three full-time professors (two in Naples and one in Venice).
    • Archaeology, history of art and philosophy of Eastern Asia: seven researchers, including five full-time professors (two in Naples, one each in Rome, Venice and Genoa).

ABOUT THE STAFF

Today, there are 77 permanent researchers in Chinese and Japanese studies in Italian universities.

  • Indian studies:
    • Modern languages and literature of the Indian sub-continent: 10 researchers, including three full-time professors in Rome, Venice and Naples.
    • Indology and Tibetology: 18 researchers, including eight full-time professors in Milan, Bologna, Palermo, Turin, Cagliari, Pisa, Basilicata and Rome.
    • Philosophy, religion and history of India and Central Asia: five researchers, no full-time professor.
    • Archaeology and history of the arts of India and Central Asia: nine researchers, including four full-time professors in Naples, Bologna and Rome.

A total of 42 researchers are studying India and Central Asia.

FIELDS STUDIED

At the University of Naples, Asian studies include the whole of Asia and the Islamic world. At the University of Rome, instruction in Chinese and Japanese was followed by teaching of Persian and then of Sanskrit. In Venice, the department of Eurasian studies focuses on themes connecting Europe to Asia. The Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente runs research and cooperation programmes in many Asian countries, including China, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran and Yemen. It also organizes languages courses in Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Persian and Turkish.

PUBLICATIONS

  • East and West, founded in 1950 and published by the Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente
  • Annali dell’Istituto Univerisitario Orientale, published by the University of Naples
  • Rivista di Studi Orientali, the official journal of the department of oriental studies at the University of Rome
  • Quaderni Eurasiatici, published in Venice

LITHUANIA

Source: Asian studies in Lithuania – Audrius Beinorus, Center of Oriental Studies at Vilnius University, Lithuania (2009). See the original text

 

SHORT HISTORY

Asian studies in Lithuania date back to the 19th century, when Vilnius University was at the heart of Oriental language studies. The department of Eastern languages was founded as early as 1810, but with no one at its head. A famous Vilnius intellectual, Kazimir Kontrimas, ventured a proposition to the Governor of the Vilnius district to establish an Institute of Eastern Studies; however, for unknown reasons, the project was not accepted, and talented university students were forced to scatter around the world.

During the independence period between the two World Wars, Oriental studies in Lithuania did not get the attention and support they deserved; they survived only because of the efforts of a few devoted scholars.

In Soviet times, under the control of Moscow, Lithuanian schools of higher education were not allowed to set up institutes of Oriental studies. As a result, students were sent to Russian universities.

After 1993, with the independence of Lithuania, Asian studies enjoyed a revival. The Centre of Oriental Studies at Vilnius University focuses on studies of regions in South, East and Near-East Asia. The objectives of the Centre are to prepare specialists in Asian studies for scientific research, the development of cultural and business relations as well as to promote better understanding of Eastern cultures in Lithuania.

After receiving generous support from social partners and state institutions, a BA programme of Classical Asian Studies was added in the academic year 2000. In 2005, a new BA programme in Iranian studies and an MA programme in Contemporary Asian studies and in 2007 a BA in Turkish studies were introduced.

PRESENT ORGANISATION AND FUNCTIONING

Centre of Oriental Studies

Vilnius University

University Street 5

LT-01513, Vilnuis

Centre for Asian Studies at the Faculty of Political Sciences and Diplomacy

Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University

Vaizganto 30, Kaunas

The Centre for Asian studies was established in 2009 by combining two existing institutions: the Asian Studies Centre and the Japanese Studies Centre.

Students are required to pay for their studies, as there are no Government grants for Asian studies; however, agreements between Lithuanian and Asian and other European universities provide various grants.

Students can go to Asian universities for part of their studies.

The educational system in based on the model: BA, MA , PhD.

ABOUT THE STAFF

Vilnius University

Centre of Oriental Studies

There are 25 full-time and part-time lecturers. The number of full-time positions depends on the number of students and the University’s budget.

Ten students are admitted every 2 years to each BA programme: Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Iranian, Arabic and Turkish studies. Every 2 years, 15 students are admitted to the MA in contemporary Asian studies.

Lecturers and researchers in Asian studies at Vilnius University are members of the Central and Eastern European Network for Indian Studies (CEENIS) and the European Network of Contemporary Academic Research on India (ENCARI).

The staff divide their time between research and teaching, with one third of their salary assigned to research.

All lecturers who hold a PhD are obliged to do research and to publish.

Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University

There are three researchers and seven lecturers for approximately 20 MA students.

At Kaunas University, teaching and research are clearly divided.

The number of scholars in Asian studies has increased regularly in recent years. Because of the low salaries, it is almost impossible to attract senior scholars from abroad for full-time positions.

FIELDS STUDIED

Vilnius University Centre prepares qualified specialists in humanities and social Sciences. Among its educational objectives are analysis and research of cultural evolution in the major geographical regions of Asia, intercultural communication, and prospects of collaboration in Asian studies. The approved research topic for 2008–2013 is ‘Traditional Strategies of Knowledge in Asia’.

13 Asian languages are taught at the Centre: Japanese, Mandarin, Chinese, classical Chinese, Tibetan, Persian, Dari, Arabic, Turkish, Hindi, Sanskrit and Vedic.

Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University provides instruction in Japanese, Mandarin and Korean. Their main research theme is: ‘Representation (images) of East Asian countries in Europe’.

PUBLICATIONS